BY J.S.VISWANATH (O7Q61A0209) FLYING WIND MILLS AND FLYING WIND GENERATOR.

Presentation on theme: "BY J.S.VISWANATH (O7Q61A0209) FLYING WIND MILLS AND FLYING WIND GENERATOR."— Presentation transcript:

1 BY J.S.VISWANATH (O7Q61A0209) FLYING WIND MILLS AND FLYING WIND GENERATOR

2 INTRODUCTION Mission: To convert the power in high altitude winds into clean energy for a better world. The energy in the high altitude winds is far more than enough to meet the world's energy needs, and means of capturing this energy are available through a little further development of technologies that do not require any fundamental scientific breakthroughs.

3 WIND ENERGY BASICS Wind Energy and Wind Power Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns are modified by the earth's terrain, bodies of water, and vegetative cover. This wind flow, or motion energy, when "harvested" by modernwind turbines, can be used to generate electricity. How Wind Power Is Generated The terms "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity to power homes, businesses, schools, and the like.

4 WIND TURBINES Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the moving air and power an electric generator that supplies an electric current. Simply stated, a wind turbine is the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and makes electricity. Wind Turbine Types Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups; the horizontal-axis variety, like the traditional farm windmills used for pumping water, and the vertical-axis design, like the eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor. Most large modern wind turbines are horizontal-axis turbines. TURBINE COMPONENTS Horizontal turbine components include: a. blade or rotor, which converts the energy in the wind to rotational shaft energy; b. a drive train, usually including a gearbox and a generator; c. a tower that supports the rotor and drive train; and d. other equipment, including controls, electrical cables, ground support equipment, and interconnection equipment.

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6 ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHER Tether is the connecting media between the turbines up in the air to the grid on the surface Electrodynamics tethers are long conducting wires, which can operate on electromagnetic principles as generators, by converting their kinetic energy to electrical energy, or as motors, converting electrical energy to kinetic energy. Electric potential is generated across a conductive tether by its motion through the Earth's magnetic field The choice of the metal conductor to be used in an electrodynamics tether is determined by a variety of factors. 1. Primary factors usually include high electrical conductivity, and low density. 2. Secondary factors, depending on the application, include cost, strength, and melting point.

7 TETHER IS PLACED BETWEEN PLANET AND OBJECT

8 WORKING OF ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHER An electrodynamic tether is attached to an object, the tether being oriented at an angle to the local vertical between the object and a planet with a magnetic field. When the tether cuts the planet's magnetic field, it generates a current, and thereby converts some of the orbiting body's kinetic energy to electrical energy. As a result of this process, an electrodynamic force acts on the tether and attached object, slowing their orbital motion. Functionally, electrons flow from the space plasma into the conductive tether, are passed through a resistive load in a control unit and are emitted into the space plasma by an electron emitter as free electrons. In principle, compact high-current tether power generators are possible and, with basic hardware, 10 to 25 kilowatts appears to be attainable.

9 FLYING GENERATORS AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE The flying generator’s for a typical flight configuration in a wind of velocity V. A single tether of length Lc is attached to the craft at a point A on the craft’s plane of symmetry. The aircraft’s center of mass is at C. The tether is assumed, herein for simplicity, to be mass-less and non- extendible. For low altitude flight, around 1500 ft (< 500 m), the assumption of a straight, mass-less tether is reasonable. However, for higher altitudes, the analysis has been extended to included tether mass and tether air-loads. Higher altitudes are achievable using an aluminium-Kevlar composite or an aluminium-Spectra composite for the electro-mechanical tethering cable.

10 FLOATING BALLON WIND GENERATOR

11 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DETAILS If the generators capacity is above a minimum level, a System Impact Study is required to connect a new generator to the grid. FEG,in single units of 20MW or more, can achieve about 80% availability with suitable siting at land or sea locations. FEG transmits power over lengths of between 4 and 8 km. Flying generator / tether voltages between 11kV and 25kV ac could be used on units of 30MW at the most extreme altitudes. Arrays of flying generators could move north or south to follow seasonal shifts in wind patterns or power demand. Tether arrangement contains three conductors-two could form the single-phase circuit, third could be the ground wire and control cabling function. Generator and tether performance depends on a good lightning storm detection system.

12 THE BEST SPOTS TO PLACE FEG The wind speed data from across the globe is recorded at heights from 263 feet to almost 40,000 feet over the last 30 years, and calculated which regions would generate the most power. According to the study, Tokyo, Seoul, Sydney and New York City all sit on a goldmine of stratospheric wind power. IN INDIA, During the summer months, Delhi and Mumbai could also benefit from sky high turbines. But unfortunately for India, the gusts die down in the fall and spring, reducing the energy density in the atmosphere.

13 BENEFITS OF FEG OVER CONVENTIONAL WIND TURBINES Lower electricity production cost. Bird and bat friendly. Low noise emissions. Operation over a wide range of wind speeds. Operation at high altitudes from 400 to 1,000 feet above ground, possible without towers. Mobility.

14 DISADVANTAGES Restricted airspace for airplanes to fly. Not suitable for highly populated areas, unless there are adequate safety measures provided. Seasonal variations in jet streams speed across the globe can create dull periods for electricity production by FEG.

15 CONCLUSION It has been shown that flying electric generators can harness the powerful and persistent winds aloft to supply electricity for grid connection, for hydrogen production or for hydro-storage. Globally, upper atmospheric winds provide an enormous resource for this application. The environmental impacts at altitude are minimal with virtually no visual, or noise intrusion and no bird strikes. The proposed systems lead logically to rural/remote area installations in regions of restricted airspace. Full-scale facilities, using individual FEG units of rated power around 30 MW, could easily form wind-farms equivalent in output to regular coal, gas and nuclear facilities. These wind-farms would give capacity (generating) factors around three times greater than that from conventional wind-farms. The estimated bulk electricity cost for the power so produced is estimated to be of the order of $20/MWh. High altitude wind power is not science fiction. It depends on currently available technologies and engineering knowhow, building on decades of experience with wind turbine and gyroplane technologies. Harnessing high altitude wind energy, using a combination of essentially existing technologies, appears to be thoroughly practical and suggests that this energy source can play an important part in addressing the world's energy and global warming problems.